The Development of Karl Marxs Critique - 2116 Words

1. Marx’s work, for the unfamiliar, has been usually reduced to The Communist Manifesto and/or to some abridged versions of Capital. This, of course, makes impossible a serious analysis of his work. A great deal of Marx’s contribution is not only outside his most popular books, but in the evolution of his though, in his intellectual path, in the dialog between his ideas. In paying attention to that, we are giving Marx his real importance. In this sense, it is crucial to describe and understand the context and the process which led to the development of Marx’s ideas, both in his earlier texts and in the later ones. In discussing and comparing the critique of philosophy given in texts like ‘Towards a Critique of Hegels Philosophy of†¦show more content†¦For Althusser, at this point â€Å"a new theoretical consciousness is already beginning to show through (†¦)† ; which, as we said before, can be seen in Capital and the other economic texts. 2.2. Epistemological break and the Critique of political economy This new consciousness was the beginning of the Epistemological Break in Marx. This concept (taken from Bachelard), is defined as the detachment from a pre-scientific view of the phenomena of study and the leap into a more complex and scientific view. Althusser applied this concept to divide Marx’s work basically in two parts: his ideological period and his scientific period, as he called them. That transition in Marx’s thought is the main reason for the differences that exist between the critique of philosophy (ideological period) and the critique of political economy (scientific period). And even if one does not agree with the dates in which Althusser situates this break, or even with how he defined it, is a useful notion to compare the early and later ideas in Marx. According to Balibar, many are the reasons for this rupture. Among them are the social ones, like the direct encounter of Marx with the French and German proletariat and his involvement in the social struggles of the time; and theShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx and Capitalism Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx, in the Capital, developed his critique of capitalism by analyzing its characteristics and its development throughout history. The critique contains Marx’s most developed economic analysis and philosophical insight. Although it was written in 1850s, its values still serve an important purpose in the globalized world and maintains extremely relevant in the twenty-first century. 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High School Dropout Rates And Unemployment - 962 Words

In this present age of high school dropout rates and unemployment, we see people that are not in good shape with their lives. What we are seeing is a real domino effect when it comes to education. When one piece of the domino falls, the rest fall, and that is the same thing with education and a firm job that you can make a difference within life. Grant Berry’s A Change of Attitude shows that Grant Berry wanted a good fulfilling job than just working in a meat market. John Merrow’s documentary, which first aired on PBS on June 23, 2005 called Declining By Degrees, includes media coverage on postsecondary education, college admissions, curriculum reform, market-driven colleges, athletics, college choice and educational attainment, diversity and campus racial climates, philanthropy, and curriculum and campus life. These two articles will show why school matters most to for children and young adults. The personal education crisis leads to people motivation and people are really treading water, not really learning anything. The first article being discussed is about the Grant Berry. Grant Berry’s parents did not see education as a serious thing in life. His parents thought that him graduating high school was for the sake of getting him out of school. Even Berry’s father called it â€Å"the worst kind of prison.† Berry had big dreams in his mind, but he was not living up to them in terms of education. He wanted When Grant first went to college, he did not go so well, andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Hsm220 Final Project1449 Words   |  6 Pagesstatement of opportunity comes from the mission statement which is a statement of purpose of any organization. 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Effects Of Sin In The Scarlet Letter Essay Example For Students

Effects Of Sin In The Scarlet Letter Essay In Adams fall, we sinned all. This old Sunday-school saying applies well to Nathaniel Hawthornes characters in The Scarlet Letter. The main characters, Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, as well as the townspeople, all sinned. The story is a study of the effects of sin on the hearts and minds of Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth. Sin strengthens Hester, humanizes Dimmesdale, and turns Chillingworth into a demon. Hester Prynnes sin was adultery. This sin was regarded very seriously by the Puritans, and was often punished by death. Hesters punishment was to endure a public shaming on a scaffold for three hours and wear a scarlet letter A on her chest for the rest of her life in the town. Although Hawthorne does not pardon Hesters sin, he considers it less serious than those of Dimmesdale and Chillingworth. Hesters sin was a sin of passion. This sin was openly acknowledged as she wore the A on her chest. Hester did not commit the greatest sin of the novel. She di d not deliberately mean to commit her sin or mean to hurt others. Hesters sin is that her passions and love were of more importance to her than the Puritan moral code. This is shown when she says to Dimmesdale, What we did had a consecration of its own. We felt it so! We said so to each other! Hester fully acknowledged her guilt and displayed it with pride to the world. This was obvious by the way she displayed the scarlet letter. It was elaborately designed as if to show Hester was proud. Hester is indeed a sinner, adultery is no light matter, even today. On the other hand, her sin has brought her not evil, but good. Her charity to the poor, her comfort to the broken-hearted, her unquestionable presence in times of trouble are all direct results of her quest for repentance. Her salvation also lies in the truth. She tells Dimmesdale of Chillingworths real identity, having kept it a secret before, to aid in her salvation. Her pursuit in telling the truth is evident in the lines, ?In all things else, I have striven to be true! Truth was the one virtu e which I might have held fast, and did hold fast, through all extremity save when thy goodthe lifethy famewere put in question! Then I consented a deception. But a lie is never good, even though death threaten the other side!? Even though Hesters sin is the one the book is titled after and centered around, it is not nearly the worst sin committed. Hester learns from her sin, and grows strong, a direct result of her punishment. The scarlet letter was her passport into regions where other women dared not tread. ? Shame, Despair, Solitude! These had been her teachersstern and wild onesand they had made her strong ? Hester also deceived Dimmesdale, also committing the sin of deception. She swore to Chillingworth that she would keep their marriage a secret. She even withheld this from Dimmesdale, whom she truly loved. Hester finally insisted on telling Dimmesdale and clearing her conscience. In this passage, you can see how he grows angry at Hester: ?O Hester Prynne, thou little, little knowest all the horror of this thing! And the shame!the indelicacy!the horrible ugliness of this exposure of a sick and guilty heart to the very eye that would gloat over it! Woman, woman, thou art accountable for this! I cannot forgive thee!? Dimmesdale does forgive Hester. She has done the right thing in telling him. Her sin of deception is then lifted off her chest. Hesters vow of truth is then kept. Arthur Dimmesdales sin was the same as Hesters. He is Hesters silent partner in crime, the guilty one who has confessed nothing in order to save himself. Actually, Dimmesdale is a coward, a man who is too weak to confess his guilt, even though he desires to greatly. As a way of self-punishment, Dimmesdale has created a supposed A on his own chest by beating himself. Dimmesdale has committed the crime of hypocrisy. He is a minister and every week gets up on his pulpit to hear his congregations sins. Somehow, Dimmesdale is too weak to confess his own sin. By hiding it, his sin becomes even worse; its now a concealed sin. Dimmesdale pleads with Hester, while she is sentenced on the scaffold, to confess his guilt. ?I charge thee to speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer! Be not silent from any mistaken pity and tenderness for him for, believe me, Hester, though he were to step down from a high place, and stand there beside thee on thy pedestal of shame, yet better were it so, than to hide a guilty heart through life. What can thy silence do for him, except it tempt himyea compel him, as it wereto add hypocrisy to sin Dimmesdales guilt is overwhelming. He must act as if nothing has happened. He remains silent so that he can continue to do Gods work as a minister. Throughout the seven years of the novel, Dimmesdales sermons get more and more tantalizing the weaker he grows. He must wear one face for the world, another for himself. Dimmesdale is trying to excuse his behavior, when his soaring career may be a justification for concealing a sin. He is struggling to confess, and in each sermon, he comes closer and closer to doing so. He is also under pressure from Chillingworth, who has brought Dimmesdale almost to the point of insanity. His guilt is heightened when he sees Hester suffer alone with the sin he was a part of. It seems to be Dimmesdales nature that has led him to be a coward. Speaking with Dimmesdale, you could discern his guilt in underlying meanings, or even directly, from what he says.? it may be that they are kept silent by the very constitution of their nature. Orcan we not suppose it?guilty as they may be, retaining, nevertheless, a zeal for Gods glory and mans welfare, they shrink from displaying themselves black and filthy in the view of men because, thenceforward, no good can be achieved by them, no evil of the past be redeemed by better service.? So, to their own unutterable torment, they go among their fellow creatures looking pure as new-fallen snow while their hearts are all looking speckled and spot ted with iniquity of which they cannot rid themselves. Dimmesdales triumphant day, when he finally confesses the truth, comes on Election Day. After giving the greatest sermon of his life, he climbs the scaffold. It is on the very scaffold that he first pleaded with Hester to reveal his identity that he now releases his secret. Chillingworths remarks show the importance of Dimmesdales confession: Hadst thou sought the world earth over, there was no place so secret,no high place not lowly place where thou couldst have escaped me,save on this very scaffold! I think Dimmesdale has not committed the worst sin of the book, even though he inflicted much pain onto himself over guilt and remorse. Hawthorne wanted to see what would happen if he created a character who struggled to hide a terrible sin deep in his heart, but also believed in a God that sees and loves the truth. This is what Arthur Dimmesdale thought and felt. His confession helped save his soul. Among many morals which press u pon us from the poor ministers miserable experience, we put only this into a sentence: Be true! Be true! Be true! Show freely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred! Roger Chillingworth commits the greatest sin. At first glance, Chillingworth seems to be sinned against, not a sinner. His first sin is one against nature, and Hester more specifically. It was committed the day he married Hester. He knew she did not love him, and he was not fit to make her a proper husband. He did not wrong her on purpose. Chillingworth does look back and sympathize. ?It seemed not so wild a dream,old as I was, and sombre as I was, and misshapen as I was,that the simple bliss, which is scattered far and wide, for all mankind to gather up, might yet be mine. And so, Hester, I drew thee into my heart, into its innermost chamber, and sought to warm thee by the warmth which thy presence made there!? Chillingworths ignorance does not even excuse him. He sinned and k nows it: Mine was the first wrong, when I betrayed thy budding youth into a false and unnatural relation with my decay. Hester knows he sinned also. She knew she was very young when she married him. His admittance to persuading her to be with him comes as no surprise to Hester. Chillingworth is a classic case of that sin Hawthorne developed called the unpardonable sin. For seven years, Chillingworths purpose is to search out and torment the man who has betrayed him. He has become a leech and sucks the life out of Dimmesdale. Vengeance is what he is obsessed with. In the process of carrying out his own vengeance, he destroys himself. He attempts to play God, and instead turns into a devil. A large number?affirmed that Roger Chillingworths aspect had undergone a remarkable change while he had dwelt in town, and especially since his abode with Mr. Dimmesdale. At first his expression had been calm, meditative, scholar-like. Now, there was something ugly and evil in his face, which they had not previously noticed, and which grew still the more obvious to sight the oftener they looked upon him.? Hester begins to feel that Chillingworths transformation is her fault. He must assume the responsibility for having destroyed himself. It is he who surrendered his human sympathies in his quest for revenge. Chillingworths worst sin is violating the sanctity of the human heart. He suffers the most, dying shortly after Dimmesdales death. His vengeance was all that was driving him forward. It was his sole purpose for living. All his strength and energyall his vital and intellectual forceseemed at once to desert him insomuch that he positively withered up, shrivelled away, and almost vanished from mortal sight, like an uprooted weed that lies wilting in the sun. This unhappy man had made the very principle of his life to consist of the pursuit and systematic exercise of revenge and when, by its completest triumph and consummation, that evil principle was left no further material to support it, when, in short, there was no more Devils work on earth for him to do so The townspeople made Hesters situation even worse. They punished her for committing a sin, even though they committed sins themselves. The townspeople were then guilty of hypocrisy. The worst sin committed by the townspeople is the isolation they put Hester through. She was at a point where she would not go out in the daytime, just to avoid the people. Wearing her sin on her chest made the townspeople isolate her. They were all clear hypocrites for being the same people who went to church weekly, repenting their own sins. Nathaniel Hawthorne was immersed in sin, its wages, and the redemption of sin. Hawthorne was a Puritan descendant, a child to a strong tradition of sin. Puritan theology was based upon the conviction of sins. The Scarlet Letter is a study of the effects of sin on the hearts and mind of each of Hawthornes characters. Hester and Dimmesdale seek redemption. Chillingworth, the worst sinner of the story, never seeks redemption. Hawthorne has written one of the first symbolic novels in American history. One of the most obvious symbols of sin in the story was Pearl. Pearl is the embodiment of her parents sin. She is the incarnate of the letter A on Hesters chest. Pearl also is Hesters constant reminder that she has committed a great sin. Pearl almost seemed inhuman until the end of the novel. Lastly, I feel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter is an almost historical novel of the Puritan society, and its conviction of sin, in his view and research. .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c , .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c .postImageUrl , .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c , .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c:hover , .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c:visited , .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c:active { border:0!important; } .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c:active , .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u01dc1608687b0fd683b64098f06ff06c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Neonatal nursing EssayEnglish Essays

To Kill A Mockingbird - Atticus Finch Essays - To Kill A Mockingbird

To Kill a Mockingbird - Atticus Finch Atticus Finch was a man who fought for what he believed in. He was always the one who stood up for what was right, not what the more popular thing to do was. Atticus has a lot of courage to do what he did for Tom Robinson. Atticus looked past the racism that was in the courtroom where Tom was being accused of raping a woman and he stood up for him. Atticus believed in equality amongst people and he thought that the court was not being equal. Atticus taught his daughter Scout and his son Jem to be a good person and to treat everyone equally. He believed that success was not just winning, but instead just trying to fight for a good cause. Even if you failed, Atticus believes you were successful. Courage was something Atticus definitely had. He was the only white man in town that would stand up for Tom Robinson because he knew it was wrong to accuse him. Atticus once said that you should still fight even when you know your beaten. He didnt just go with the popular opinion that blacks were bad, instead, he gathered up his courage and fought against the court. He knew that he was testifying against an all white jury and that he had no chance to convince them that Tom was guilty, but he knew that it was right to at least try. He believed that every little thing you do that is right will eventually add up and help the cause. Atticus was a man who did not believe in racism. He had grown his kids up telling them that racism was not right. He taught them that everyone was equal. Scout and Jem were still influenced by racism in the public though. Atticus noted how in the court there was no way for a black man to win against a white man when its the white man who gets to have the decision of what happens. He knew that in the court room, racism was everywhere. Black men had no chance of wining and it was always the white man who would win. No matter how good of a case Atticus gave the jury, it was still racism that came out on top. If Atticus Finch ever treated anybody unequally than there was a good reason. He was always for equality. He believed that all men were created equal and blacks shouldnt be treated badly for nothing. Equality was something that Atticus thought should be with everyone no matter where. The Jury and the Judge both treated Tom Robinson unequally and Atticus was frustrated over that. Family was always something that Atticus took pride in. He loved his family with all his heart and he would do anything for them. Atticus had 2 children, Jem and Scout. Jem was the older of the 2 and was a boy. Scout was younger and was a girl. Atticus believed that he was a failure as a father sometimes. He tried very hard to be a good one but always seemed to think he could have been a better one. Atticus would put family first before anything else. Not many people think that if you lose a battle then you were not successful. Atticus did not think this, he believed that being successful was only to try to do something for a good cause. He once said that as long as you try you will always be appreciated and will always be successful in his point of view. Even if you lose what you were fighting for, you are still successful because you tried for what you thought was right. Atticus did not win the case with tom Robinson but he still believed that he was successful. Atticus was successful because he did what he thought was right, and doing that had to help something out in a good way. Atticus Finch is a successful man. He is a courageous man who does not believe in racism. Equality is what he believed in and taught his family that equality is stronger than racism. Atticus fought in a court case for a black man. In this time blacks were strongly